高斯模式及大氣穩定度
Table of contents
大氣紊流的特性
局布尺度
- 時間
- 瞬時 ~ 小時
- quasi-steady state
- 空間
- 100M ~ 10 Km
- homogenesis:空間中的紊流強度為定值(不隨高度、橫方向改變)
- 紊流擴散(Turbulent Diffusion)現象為主、延散(Dispersion)為輔
中尺度
- 50 Km ~ 500 Km
- 數小時 ~ 數日
- 受延散現象、地區環流、地形效應控制為主
大氣垂直穩定度與連續煙流之形狀
穩定大氣
- 溫度傾率 > 絕熱傾率、逆溫、等溫
- 不存在高層逆溫層:Fanning
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穩定大氣與Fanning |
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穩定大氣與Lofting |
中性大氣
- 溫度傾率 = 絕熱傾率。是否存在高層逆溫層
- 存在高層逆溫層:Fumigation
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中性大氣並高層逆溫:Fumigation |
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中性大氣無高層逆溫:Coning |
不穩定大氣
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不穩定大氣:Looping |
垂直穩定度在空間中的不均勻特性
- Shoreline Internal Boundary Layer
- Convective-internal-boundary-layer-formed-by-advection-of-cool-marine-air-over-a-warm.png
混合層日變化與污染擴散現象
煙流模式的架構流程
- Dispersion Modeling
- Preferred/Recommended Models
- Alternative Models
- ADAM, ADMS, AFTOX, ASPEN, BLP, CAL3QHC/CAL3QHCR, CALINE3, CALPUFF, DEGADIS, HGSYSTEM, HOTMAC/RAPTAD, HYROAD, ISC3, ISC-PRIME, OBODM, OZIPR, Panache, PLUVUEII, SCIPUFF, SDM, and SLAB.
- Screening Tools
- AERSCREEN, CAL3QHC, COMPLEX1, CTSCREEN, RTDM3.2, SCREEN3, TSCREEN, VALLEY, and VISCREEN.
- Related Programs
- AERCOARE, AERMAP, AERPLOT, AERSURFACE, BPIP, BPIPPRM, BPIPPRM-Draft, CALMET2NCF, CALMPRO, CHAVG, CONCOR, EMS-HAP, MMIF, and MMIFstat.
- Photochemical Modeling
- Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ, 2021)
- Comprehensive Air quality Model with extensions (CAMx, 2022)
- Regional Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition (REMSAD, 2005)
- Urban Airshed Model Variable Grid (UAM-V ®, 1991)
- Receptor Modeling
- Chemical Mass Balance (CMB)
- Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)
AERMOD執行流程
AERMOD在臺灣之應用